Fibrose pulmonaire révélant un lupus érythémateux systémique du sujet âgé

No Abstract.Key words: Fibrose pulmonaire, lupus érythémateux systémique, sujet âg

Optimal Fleet Sizing of Personal Rapid Transit System

Part 5: Modelling and Optimization; International audience; In this paper, we address the problem of determining the optimal fleet size for Personal Rapid Transit system (PRT). In our problem, we consider electric battery and distance constraints which are found in real world application of the PRT system. To tackle this problem, we propose two valid mathematical formulations that are able to find optimal fleet size. Extensive computational experiments show that the edge based formulation performs impressively well, in terms of solution quality and computational time in comparison to the node based formulation. Document type: Part of book or chapter of boo

The Multi Depot One-to-One Pickup and Delivery Problem with Distance Constraints: Real World Application and Heuristic Solution Approach

Part 5: Industrial Management and Other ApplicationsInternational audienceThis paper presents the development of the multi depot one-to-one pickup and delivery problem with distance constraints problem. This problem involve routing vehicles in a multi depot network topology to satisfy a set of pickup and delivery requests subject to a maximum allowable distance constraint. A problem definition is given and a real world application is proposed for that problem. An approximate solution approach which divides the problem into several subproblems and solve them to optimality is also proposed. Computational experiments show that the proposed solution approach reach good quality solutions is a reasonable computational time

Dealing with the Empty Vehicle Movements in Personal Rapid Transit System with Batteries Constraints in a Dynamic Context

The Personal Rapid Transit is a new emergent transportation tool. It relies on using a set of small driverless electric vehicles to transport people on demand. Because of the specific on-demand characteristic of the Personal Rapid Transit system, many Personal Rapid Transit vehicles would move empty which results in a high level of wasted transportation capacity. This is enhanced while using Personal Rapid Transit vehicles with limited electric battery capacity. This paper deals with this problem in a real time context while minimizing the set of empty vehicle movements. First, a mathematical formulation to benchmark waiting time of passengers in Personal Rapid Transit systems is proposed. Then, a simulation model that captures the main features of the Personal Rapid Transit system is developed. A decision support system which integrates several real time solution strategies as well as a simulation module is proposed. Our dispatching strategies are evaluated and compared based on our simulation model. The efficiency of our method is tested through extensive test studies

Viability of Implementing Smart Mobility Tool in the Case of Tunis City

Part 5: Modelling and OptimizationInternational audienceNowadays, different changes from the economical, societal and environmental contexts are happen in cities. In fact, cities are generally the best place to endorse and enhance various experience in order to improve the quality of life of its citizens. In this context, the new vision of Smart Mobility fill into this context. The concept of Smart Mobility as a means to enhance the mobility experience of citizen has been gaining increasing importance in the agendas of cities stakeholder. It represents the best balance the economic, environmental and societal aspect of current transportation tools. The implementation of the smart mobility concept in the case of Tunis city is the subject matter of the paper. In fact, we focus on considering the Personal Rapid Transit system as an effective and efficient tool to bring smart mobility experience to Tunis city. This paper also presents and study the viability of implementing PRT in our specific context. An extensive simulation and economic feasibility study is conducted to validate our proposal. Computational results prove the different advantages of our proposal in the studied context

Synchronous Routing for Personal Rapid Transit Pods

Personal rapid transit (PRT) is a public and automated transport system in which a fleet of small driverless vehicles operate in order to transport passengers between a set of stations through a network of guided ways. Each customer is carried from one station to another directly with no stop in intermediate stations. This mode of transport can result in a high level of unused capacity due to the empty moves of the vehicles. In this paper, we model the problem of minimizing the energy consumed by the PRT system while assuming predeterministic list of orders; then we solve it using some constructive heuristics. Experiments are run on 1320 randomly generated test problems with various sizes. Our algorithms are shown to give good results over large trip instances

Tunisian Multicenter Study on the Prevalence of Colistin Resistance in Clinical Isolates of Gram Negative Bacilli: Emergence of <i>Escherichia coli</i> Harbouring the <i>mcr-1</i> Gene

Background: Actually, no data on the prevalence of plasmid colistin resistance in Tunisia are available among clinical bacteria. Objectives: This study aimed to investigate the current epidemiology of colistin resistance and the spread of the mcr gene in clinical Gram-negative bacteria (GNB) isolated from six Tunisian university hospitals. Methods: A total of 836 GNB strains were inoculated on COL-R agar plates with selective screening agar for the isolation of GNB resistant to colistin. For the selected isolates, mcr genes, beta-lactamases associated-resistance genes and molecular characterisation were screened by PCRs and sequencing. Results: Colistin-resistance was detected in 5.02% (42/836) of the isolates and colistin-resistant isolates harboured an ESBL (blaCTX-M-15) and/or a carbapenemase (blaOXA-48, blaVIM) encoding gene in 45.2% of the cases. The mcr-1 gene was detected in four E. coli isolates (0.59%) causing urinary tract infections and all these isolates also contained the blaTEM-1 gene. The blaCTX-M-15 gene was detected in three isolates that also carried the IncY and IncFIB replicons. The genetic environment surrounding the mcr-carrying plasmid indicated the presence of pap-2 gene upstream mcr-1 resistance marker with unusual missing of ISApl1 insertion sequence. The Conclusions: This study reports the first description of the mcr-1 gene among clinical E. coli isolates in Tunisia and provides an incentive to conduct routine colistin susceptibility testing in GNB clinical isolates